Published Papers

An artificial neural network is a model from the field of machine learning that was inspired by the structure and function of the brain. Whilst deep learning involves neural networks with multiple layers between the input and output layers. This paper shows how neural networks work, and describes various features. Backpropagation is explained in detail, and the common issues that one can face whilst training a neural network are described. Methods of mitigating these issues are also given. Finally, a neural network is employed to build a daily Bitcoin trading system. The results were inferior to multiple linear regression. The neural network likely suffered from overfitting, but regularisation using dropout helped to mitigate this.

Classical computers use bits, whilst quantum computers use quantum bits (qubits). Quantum computers can perform tasks that classical computers are unable to perform. When ideal quantum computers are developed, they will be a serious threat to current encryption systems. This has prompted the development of post-quantum cryptography. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have selected four post-quantum algorithms. Three employ lattice-based cryptography, whilst one employs hash-based cryptography. Although recent attacks on lattice-based cryptography mean that the post-quantum algorithms of the future are uncertain

Various games can have multiple outcomes, based on the decisions of the various stakeholders or players. In this paper, we created a program (in Python) that finds the type of dominant strategy in 2-player games, using the potential payoffs or utility returns for each of the possible moves a player plays. Specifically, the code was ideally made for a game where each of the players has 2 moves thus 4 total possible outcomes for each player with their own payoffs. We were able to process the inputted data for each of the 2 players through the use of a 2:2 matrix. By comparing payoffs or specific values in the matrix using logical steps and conditions, we were able to determine what move would be most beneficial and effective for each player, along with the type of dominance that move has.

The present invention relates to an IoT based/integrated device for regulating waterflow through taps. More specifically the invention relates to a device wherein waterflow is regulated by fitting the device to any existing tap to optimize the flow of water to measure water consumption and conserve water.

This study addresses the pressing need for an efficient and accessible method to dry and sanitize masks, particularly for economically disadvantaged individuals. Through a meticulous development process, a prototype was engineered employing a combination of UV light and hot air within a perspex chamber. The design prioritizes safety, efficiency, and user-friendliness, targeting the working-class population. Performance testing demonstrated the prototype's effectiveness in thoroughly drying and sanitizing masks within the designated time frame. Feedback from both user surveys and expert appraisal provided valuable insights, highlighting areas for refinement. Weaknesses identified, including paint finish, cable arrangement, size, and technical complexity, informed proposed improvements. Additionally, suggestions for a comprehensive tutorial and potential collaboration with resource conservation centers were outlined to enhance dissemination of the product's construction knowledge. Overall, this innovative prototype shows promising potential in addressing mask sanitation challenges, with room for further refinement and widespread implementation in a post-pandemic landscape.

Findings on EPR spectroscopy applied to DPPH and Manganese Chloride matched the initial hypothesis in line with the currently accepted theories on Electron Spin Resonance (ESR). The spectrometer instrumentation and apparatus in the experiment was intricate, The Varian E-3 X-band spectrometer was used. The g-values were calculated with a simplified formula that included the variables of Electromagnetic wave frequency, scalar constant and the center field. Some differences and minor anomalies were observed when comparing the expected theoretical values with the experimental values obtained, however, the final experimental values were quite similar to that of the theoretical g-values, thus proving the experiment a success